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Quality

Sterility Testing For Medical Devices

- Dr. Nishodh Saxena, Scientist, B.V. Patel Pharamceutical Education Research Centre (PERD), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Test for Bacteriostasis and fungistasis:  

Before instituting the use of a sterility test procedure for an article, ensure that any bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity inherent in the article to be tested does not adversely affect the reliability of the test.

Guidelines for minimum quantity of product and minimum volume of medium to be used for bacteriostasis and fungistasis test.

Continer contents

Minimum quantity of product

minimum volume of culture medium (ml)

For liquid

·        less than 1 ml

·        1 ml or more but less than 5 ml

·        5 ml or more but less than 20 ml

·        20 ml or more but less than 50 ml

·        50 ml or more but less than 100 ml

 

Total content of a container

Half the contents of a container

2 ml

5 ml

10 ml

 

15

20

20

40

80

For solids

·        Less than 50 mg

·        50 mg or more but less than 200 mg

·        200 mg or more

 

Total content of a container

Half the contents of a container

100 mg

 

40

80

80

Diluting and Rinsing fluids:

Fluid A            

Dissolve 1 g of peptic digest of animal tissue in water to make 1 liter, filter or centrifuge to clarity, if necessary, and adjust to a pH of 7.1± 0.2. Dispense into containers and sterilise.

Preparation for Penicillin or Cephalosporins:  

Aseptically add to the above preparation, if necessary, a quantity of sterile b-lactamase sufficient to inactivate any residual antibiotic activity on the membrane after the solution of the test specimen has been filtered.

Fluid D (Fluid B in IP)

To each liter of fluid A add 1 ml of polysorbate 80, adjust to a pH of 7.1± 0.2, dispense into containers and sterilize. Use this fluid for articles containing  lecithin or oil, or for devices labeled as “sterile pathway”.

Fluid K

Dissolve 5 g of peptic digest of animal tissue, 3 g of beef extract and 10 g of polysorbate 80 in water to make 1 liter. Adjust the pH to obtain after sterilization a pH of  6.9± 0.2, dispense into containers and sterilize.

Sample requirements:

1.   Number of articles to be tested:  Selected from sampling plan

2.    Opening of articles:

Greater care must be exercised when opening an article so that the sample to be tested for sterility is not contaminated by microorganisms present on the exterior of the container. The exterior surface of ampoules and closures of vials and bottles must be cleansed with a suitable decontaminating agent and the containers must be placed in an environment that prevents recontamination.

3.    Incubation conditions: Details are already discussed in culture media.

4.    Testing facilities:

Clean room facilities along with laminar flow unit, air locking systems and all other equipments are required for carrying out the sterility testing.

5.   Volume of medium: Select from the table given below

Quantity of article: Select from the table given below

Quantities of articles for liquid products

Container content (ml)

Minimum volume taken from each product container for each medium

minimum volume, in ml, of each medium

Direct transfer        Membrane

method                    filtration

                                method

Less than 10

 

10 to less than 50

50 to less than 100

50 to less than 100

intended for intravenous administration

100 to 500

Over 500

Antibiotics (liquid)

 

1 ml, or entire contents if less than 1 ml

5ml

10 ml

½ content

 

 

½ content

500 ml

1 ml

15

 

40

80

200

 

 

N/A

N/A

N/A

100

 

100

100

100

 

 

100

100

100

Quantities of articles for solid products  

Container content (gm)

Minimum quantity taken from each product container for each medium

minimum volume, in ml, of each medium

Direct transfer        Membrane

method                    filtration

                                method

<50 mg

>50 mg-200 mg

200-300 mg

300-600 mg

>600 mg

Antibiotic solids

for injection (<5 g)

for injection

pharmacy bulk

packages (³ 5 g)

 

Surgical dressings, cotton, gauge (in package)

Sutures and other individually packaged single use materials

 

Other medical devices

whole contents

Half the content

100 mg

200 mg

200 mg

 

150 mg

 

 

500 mg

 

100 mg portion

 

 

Whole devices

 

Whole devices (cut in pieces or disassembled)

200

200

200

200

200

 

200

 

 

200 ml

 

200 ml

 

 

Not more than 2000 ml

Not more than 2000 ml

100

100

100

100

100

 

100

 

 

100 ml

 

N/A

 

 

N/A

 

N/A

Test procedure:

1.   Membrane filtration method:

Apparatus:

A suitable membrane filter unit consists of an assembly that facilitates the aseptic handling of the articles and allows the processed membrane to be removed aseptically for transfer to appropriate media or an assembly where sterile media can be added to the sealed filter and the membrane incubated in situ.

A membrane suitable for sterility testing has a rating of 0.45 mm and a diameter of approximately 47 mm. These membranes have hydrophobic edges or low product binding characteristics.

Sample preparation:

1.   Liquid Miscible with aqueous vehicles:

Agitate the container and aseptically transfer the specified volumes of the total number of specimens tested either directly into one or more separate membrane filter units or to separate pooling vessels prior to transfer. Immediately pass each specimen through the filter with the aid of vacuum or pressure. Aseptically remove the membrane from the holder, cut the membrane in half, and immerse half of the membrane in each of the specified medium.

2.   Liquid Immiscible with aqueous vehicles:

If the substance under test is a viscous liquid or suspension and is not adaptable to rapid filtration, aseptically add a sufficient quantity of the appropriate diluting fluid to the pooled specimen prior to filtration to increase the flow rate.

If the substance under test contains lecithin or oil and has inherent bacteriostatic or fungistatic properties or contains a preservative, use fluid D.

3.    Ointments and Oils soluble in Isopropyl Myristate:

Use Isopropyl Myristate as a solvent and filter through membrane. After filtration wash the membrane first with fluid D and than Fluid A.

4.      Prefilled Syringes: Filter directly through the membrane.\

5.      Solids for injection other than antibiotics: Constitute the test articles and filter through the membrane.  

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