3.
Adhesive tapes :
Hospital
uses of pressure sensitive adhesives involve many general, as well
as specific, purpose tapes. Coated or uncoated cotton fabrics
was used for early hospital tapes. These backings are still
used for strapping tapes that require higher tensile strength.
Synthetic fabrics, non-woven fabrics and films were later introduced
as backings for hospital tapes.
Tapes
are used for many different applications in the hospital and health
areas, but basically perform one of the two functions. Tapes
are used either to pull something to place and restrict movement, as
in strapping applications, or are used to hold something in place
such as wound dressings.
Kitazaki
et.al10 have studied adhesive tapes prepared by coating an adhesive
tapes prepared by coating an adhesive agent on an aerobic and
scratchable non woven fabrics mad of polyurethane fibers having
average filament diameter of 7-15 micrometer and first aid bandages
are prepared from the adhesive tapes. Non woven fabrics have
ratios of 50% tensile strength at machine direction/ that at
transverse direction = 1.10-2.00. the adhesive tapes and first
aid bandages shown good biocompatibility and fitting properties.
Kitazaki
et.al11 have studied the tapes have bases showing 50% tensile stress
in mkachine direction (X) and that in transverse direction (Y)
satisfying X, Y<24 N/19mm (at 23 C) and Y/X=1.10-2.00. Here
flexible PVC film was coated with an adhesive comprising natural
rubber 30, styrene-isoprene-styrene rubber 10, liquid isoprene
rubber 10, alicyclic petroleum resin 29, terpene resin 20, and
antioxidant 1wt % to give a first aid adhesive plaster showing
adhesive strength (to bakelite) 7.9 N/19 mm, probe tack 6.2 N/5mm,
holding power (1.0 kg. 15 min) 0.8 mm/10 X 20mm, and Y 12.0 N/19mm.
The plaster fitted well with a finger.
Oka
et.al12 have studied the adhesive tapes for medical use comprising
of a support layer and an adhesive layer containing alkyl (methyl)
acrylate polymer and organic peroxides [such as 1,1-bis
(tert-butylperoxy)-2-methylcyclohexane] with number addition of
crosslinking agents. The adhesives are painted on the support
layer and heated at a temperature (90-120)0.
Masoaki
et. Al13 have patented the pharmaceutical tapes with low skin
irritancy comprising. A support lawyer and an adhesivie layer
containing alkyl (meth) acrylate-PVP copolymer rubbers or their
copolumersm, liquid substances [miscible with the acrylic
copolymers] and active ingredients, the preparations showed
excellent transdermal and transmucosal permeability and
adhesiveness.
One
of the patent reports adhesive tapes formulation prepared by coating
an adhesive layer on a porous polutetrafluoroethylene film [the
filem is subjected to single and aw liquid absorbing pad. The
preparation were non irritating and suitable for applications in the
joint area14.
Marikawa
et. al15 have studied the water and oil-absorbing wound dressings
showing good biocompatibility and wound healing activities comprises
a film or sheet type polymer base layer and an adhesive layer
containing poly a-amino acid particles having average particles size
0.1-100 um.
Takanori
et. al16 have studied the pharmaceutical tapes showing improved skin
adherence and absorption having a base layer and a porous polyester
elastomer membrane layer containing active ingredients such as
diclofenac. It is reported that porosity of the polyelastomer
membrane is 10-95%. The preparation caused no skinirritation.
Lranaka
et.al17 have studied a wa ter repelling adhesive tapes comprise a
water repellent-treated, nonwoven fabric support layer and an
adhesive layer containing soluble and insoluble polymers, adhesives
layer containing soluble and insoluble polymers, adhesives agents,
polyols, crosslinking agents and water.
4.
Surgical drapes :
Surgical
drapes are divided into two main types, each of which used pressure
sensitive adhesive. The first type is the incise drape which
is a large sheet of thin, transparent film with a smaller, continous
section of pressure sensitive adhesive, the excess film providing
handles. In use, the release liner is removed and the adhesive
is applied to the sterilized skin of the surgical patient. The
film substrates used for incise drapes are polyurethance,
copolyester, vinyl and polyethylenes. Acrylic or vinyl
pyrollidone-based adhesive is transfer coated to the film.
Adhesives mixed with antimicrobial agents are used in the
construction of incise drapes as well as the thinfilm wound care
products. The homogenous mixture of any broad-spectrum
antimicrobial agent with an adhesive is protected by a 1982 patent
assigned to 2M while constructions using solids such as silver
sulfadiazine are covered by 1984 Smith and Nephew patent. A
separate 1982 3M patents covers the use of iodine. The use of
polyhexamethylene biguanide salts, as incorporated particles or
sprayed on the adhesive, are covered in two 1987 patents assigned to
Surgikos. Antimicrobial activity may be achieved without
directly mixing the active agent with the adhesive. In this
case, a three - layer construction is used in which the
antimicrobial is included in a reservior layer berween the adhesive
and the backing.
The
second type of surgical drape is the fenestration drape, in which a
window is cut into a large sheet of fabric, film or laminate.
In manufacturing the drape, strips of tape with a release liner are
bonded around the perimeter of the window. Transfertape may be
used for this apploication, but double coated tape is more common.
The double coated tape is constructed with adhesive on both sides of
polyester or polyethylene film, protected with a differential
silicone release liner. The adhesive on the patient side of
the tape may or may not be identical to the drape side adhesive.
Some European draopes have used doubled coated scrim rather than
doublecated film. The unwinding adhesive side of the
doublecoated tape must adhere to the drape.
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